Bata Shoe Museum free essay sample

Shoes began in warm atmospheres where the bottoms of the feet required security yet the highest point of the foot should have been cool. * 4,000 years prior the principal shoes were made of a solitary bit of rawhide that wrapped the foot for both warmth and insurance. * In Europe pointed toes on shoes were in vogue from the eleventh to the fifteenth hundreds of years. * In the Middle East impact points were added to shoes to lift the foot from the consuming sand. In Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth hundreds of years heels on shoes were constantly hued red. Shoes everywhere throughout the world were indistinguishable until the nineteenth century, when left-and right-footed shoes were first made in Philadelphia. * In Europe it wasnt until the eighteenth century that womens shoes were unique in relation to mens. * Six-inch-high heels were worn by the privileged societies in seventeenth-century Europe. Two hirelings, one on either side, were expected to hold up the individual wearing the high heels. We will compose a custom article test on Bata Shoe Museum or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page * | * Sneakers were first made in America in 1916. They were initially called keds. * Boots were first worn in cool, rocky areas and hot, sandy abandons where horse-riding networks lived. Impact points on boots kept feet secure in the stirrups. * The first ladys boot was intended for Queen Victoria in 1840. Shoe Museum The Bata Shoe Museum, situated in Toronto, Canada, is the main shoe historical center in North America. The assortment was ordered by Sonja Bata, of the Bata shoemaking family. The historical center highlights shoes and shoe-related antiques crossing 4,500 years. Bata Shoe Museum 327 Bloor Street West Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1W7 Shoes as images * In Biblical occasions a shoe was offered as a hint of a pledge. * In the Medieval times a dad disregarded his power his girl to her significant other in a shoe function. At the wedding, the lucky man gave the lady of the hour a shoe, which she put on to act she was then his subject. * Today in the U. S. shoes are attached to the guard of the wedding couples vehicle. This is a token of the days when a dad gave the man of the hour one of his little girls shoes as an image of an evolving guardian. * In China one of the ladies red shoes is hurled from the rooftop to guarantee joy for the wedding couple. * In Hungary the lucky man drinks a toast to his lady out of her wedding shoe.

John Foulcher for the Fire Qa Essay

For the fire Q&A The primary lines in the sonnet acquaint us with the sounds in the shrub. what are these sounds and whom does he believe is making the commotion? For what reason is his misstep justifiable? What impact is accomplished through these sound pictures? * The initial beginnings with the word Å"Outside  introducing the normal world that shows up on a superficial level to be so lovely and delicate. Å"a hacking sound  disturbs the regular picture, Å"its solitary human thud  speaks to a human is hurting the earth. The impact is that people are harming the earth and its normal (the creator isn't surprised  Explain the impact of the likeness Å"like clockwork  what impact is made by the reiteration of theËœt andËœd sounds in the sound drops/chipped from a tall dead tree? * It advises us this is a spot constrained naturally. It is dull and consistent the picture of the kookaburra and the reptile is clear. Remark on lines 6-10 talking about the pictures made, selection of words and what they may recommend, the expressive action words and the general importance of these lines. * The creators amazing language and symbolism that we witness the viciousness and ruthlessness and feel thoughtful. what does the word neglectful inform us concerning the feathered creatures conduct? * The feathered creature doesnt have compassion toward the reptile since it is a piece of natures cycle and it was uninvietable. The winged animals conduct is instinctual and despite the fact that it might appear to be ruthless and savage to us, it is acting just out of intuition and endurance. How does the artist show his acknowledgment of the fowls obvious fierceness. * The artist doesnt help the reptile, rather he acknowledges natures cycle and gets his fuel and leaves. What understanding would you be able to recommend to clarify the importance of the virus air coagulating behind me * Visual picture of the air resembles an entryway shutting on an existence where the artist was a gatecrasher.

Managing Change in Organization The Nestle Case Study

Overseeing Change in Organization The Nestle Case Study Official outline Nestle is a worldwide organization that is engaged with assembling items, in the nourishment, wellbeing and health industry. Since its foundation in 1886, it has experienced through a few changes which its CEO, Brabeck-Letmathe, says are consistent and all around determined. An ongoing change is utilization of GLOBE, framework Codification-Based Strategy, in data use and sharing.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Managing Change in Organization: The Nestle Case Study explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was intended to improve profitability, proficiency and increment the nature of client care administrations. This framework changed the manner in which data is gotten to, utilized and shared among workers in different offices everywhere throughout the world. This framework required an adjustment in the manner workers related with the executives and the other way around which required an adjustment in the authoritative structure of the organization. In this report I investigate a portion of the progressions that have happened at Nestle throughout the years and the present change because of GLOBE framework and the requirement for it. The structures of the authoritative changes that happen at Nestle are talked about in detail. This procedure introduced difficulties for the implementers and Nestle when all is said in done since it was met with obstruction and postponement. This was countered with escalated battles to make mindfulness and entryway for the changes. At last, an activity plan of the change the executives exercises in Nestle is sketched out definite what will be done in each program, who will do it, for to what extent and the expense to the organization. The changing Nestle is a worldwide organization that is associated with assembling items, in the nourishment, wellbeing and health division. The trendy expression in settle is ‘good food, acceptable life’ which sums up its strategic givin g their shoppers a wide scope of food and refreshment items for all occasions that are the best tasting and generally nutritious. Another trendy expression for Nestle is ‘creating a common value’ which Broeckx, (2007) clarifies implies that the company makes and seeks after long haul maintainable incentive in activities, procedures and procedures to all partners be it shoppers, networks, investors, representatives and colleagues. Alongside these, are the corporate, business standards where the organization diagrams its way of life, which has been being used for over 140 years, and are a sign of Nestl㠩’s considerations on decency, genuineness and long haul thinking (Nestle, 2011).Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization was established in 1866 by a Swiss national, Henry Nestle in Vevey, in Switzerland. During this time, promoting of items outside the nation was through deals specialists. This, be that as it may, changed in 1900s when the organization began purchasing auxiliaries in remote nations. In America, the organization propelled its items after the First World War in light of expanded interest for dairy items. This was done through obtaining of existing processing plants, and not long after the Second World War, numerous officials in the Vevey central command were moved to the nation. These moves were a piece of the changing techniques to expand effectiveness and profitability for the organization (Douglas Craig, 2009). The main significant change came in 1974 when the organization purchased dominant part partakes in the corrective mammoth L’Oreal. This was an all around determined move to expand the company’s development and broadening. The organization was condemned for putting resources into an organization that was obligation ridden, yet soldiered ahead. The subsequent significant chang e was in enhancing to the pharmaceutical business by purchasing a U. S organization, Alcon Laboratories, who were creators of pharmaceutical and ophthalmic items. Numerous different changes came during the 1980s and 1990s when money related improvement through vital acquisitions and enhancements. This required the offer of non-vital and nonperforming organizations while securing others, for example, the 1984 procurement of Carnation (Nestle, 2011). Today the organization is ceaselessly rebuilding its business with a yearly financial plan of $3000 million put in a safe spot for this. Settle CEO, Brabeck-Letmathe says that consistent and very much determined change is the thing that Nestle executes and doesn't do this as a style thing however as an all around suspected long haul technique. He actualized a total update of the official board and supplanted them with 10 new administrators in order to expand on the company’s quality something that has guides the company’s hi erarchical changes. Settle managers’ responsibility is the thing that stays with the consistent with their â€Å"steeped in Nestle corporate culture† which situates them to concentrate on the drawn out objectives of the organization as opposed to present moment profits.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Managing Change in Organization: The Nestle Case Study explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This corporate culture likewise settled the company’s significant qualities such administration of corporate development and its connection to innovation. The official spotlights on fortifying and maintaining the company’s quality, rather than their finished redesign (Broeckx, 2007). The latest change has been on utilizing and sharing data which brought forth the Codification-Based Strategy of which settle picked GLOBE. This interfaces all Nestle divisions around the globe, and makes organization data available to every one of its representatives. This makes data accessible to all workers and, along these lines, nobody is a higher priority than the other because of the data he has that others don't have. Data is power, as it permits correspondence stream between individuals in the organization. Be that as it may, so as to get to explicit data or information, one fills demand structure. This implies workers ought to be instructed how to access and utilize this data. This additionally requires an adjustment in the manner correspondence is completed in the organization since the present model couldn't bolster the adjustment in data sharing (Nestle, 2010). The idea of progress As we have seen above, all together for a representative to get to explicit data or information, one fills demand structure. This implies workers should be prepared on the best way to access and utilize this data. Further, the old hierarchical structure needs to go, which for this situation was the top-down methodology. Top-down authoritati ve structure utilized in Nestle had a few restrictions; proficient advancement followed a vertical way inside a capacity which doesn't empower organizing, correspondence is done through the positions which don't support commitment from workers, collaboration was shadowed by rivalry and the compliance direction which disheartens activity (Broeckx, 2007). This adjustment in the authoritative structure will require the executives techniques to permit representatives to adapt to change and add to the organization’s objectives as they are currently empowered.Advertising Searching for report on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The hierarchical structure changes that were actualized in Nestles the fundamentally changing procedures approach that included creation significant changes to the current authoritative structure. This implied each representative will be situated to concentrate on the progressions presented by GLOBE. This is in accordance with the corporate ‘Untouchables’ or solid purposes of the organization that centers around fortifying its qualities and the job of innovation in the organization. The GLOBE framework was intended to improve profitability, effectiveness and increment the nature of client care administrations, in this way, need to situate the authoritative structure to address these issues (Chaudron, 2006). The auxiliary way to deal with overseeing change was executed by shaping guiding boards of ranking directors to name a multidisciplinary group that will plan which moves to be made so as to understand the objective of the organization utilizing this new change in data get to. The group surveyed the way of life of the organization, the framework utilized, and the conditions winning in the organization and thought of suggestions for activity which were accounted for to the board of trustees of ranking directors. The suggestions concentrated on things, for example, self-coordinated work groups, pay for data and rebuilding the organization away from conventional jobs to concentrate more on the items, clients and land perspective (Management Decisions and Research Center, 2000). The preferences with this structure as clarified by Chaudron, (2006) are that significant issues emerging in the organization are managed forthright instead of being delayed to the following gathering or such, a few parts of the organization, for example, direct correspondence stream from advertisers to creation and money division improved the efficiency of the organization and indicating the representatives that the organization truly needed to change the manner in which the organization is run. The weakness is that a lot of data was being uncovered to workers and supervisors felt as though they were losing their bearing or that their capacity was being detracted from them (Durant, 2008). Change structures A conventional progressive, pyramidal authoritative structure is the thing that existed in Nestle before the GLOBE framework was presented. This framework can't work adequately and effectively in such a structure. All together for settle workers to coordinate their objectives with that of the organization, share thoughts with the administration, demonstration proactively and team up in making the objectives of the organization practical, this structure needed to change. Besides, the new arrangement of sharing data required profoundly talented and educated representatives who will n

Why do women commit fewer crimes than men Essay

For what reason do ladies perpetrate less wrongdoings than men - Essay Example Sadly every one of these contentions don't unmistakably clarify why there a greater number of events of wrongdoing among men than ladies (Campbell, Muncer and Bibel, 2001, p. 481). Late investigations have shown that the proportion of wrongdoing among people is around 3 to 1 separately. The accompanying conversations present the most probable elements credited to this pattern related with our social orders. As indicated by Currie (2007, p. 175) social orders mingle male people to accept forceful attributes as an endurance system. Society anticipates that men should be solid to defend their privileges at whatever point need emerges. Besides a man was given the sole duty of giving security to his family. Because of the exclusive standards on man by society, men now and again will in general demonstrate their quality by taking part in wrongdoing. A man who can't go to bat for his privileges is viewed as a weakling and such man might be denied regard in the public arena (Lauritsen, Karen and James (2009.p. 368). Therefore men pick do anything available to them in any event, utilizing vicious intends to show how solid they are. Campbell, Muncer and Bibel (2001, p. 484) battles that then again, ladies are viewed as the more fragile sex by society and a lady who carries out in wrongdoing supposedly deviates from the idea of society. Society depicts an ordinary lady to be adoring, patient, mindful and understanding. A criminal lady isn't fit for marriage as indicated by society since it thinks about her to come up short on the genuine qualities of a mother. A mother will consistently be there for her family and no crime can ever enter her thoughts. From the societies’ desires for ladies, ladies limit themselves from carrying out wrongdoing (Currie, 2007. P179). Anyway this doesn't imply that ladies don't perpetrate wrongdoing, they carry out wrongdoing however at a low rate contrasted with that of men. What's more, the manner in which society conveys sex jobs additionally confine ladies from carrying out wrongdoing. Ladies are consistently inside their families attempting to think about

Financial Reporting International Financial Reporting Standards

Question: Examine about the Financial Reporting for International Financial Reporting Standards. Answer: Prologue To The Companies Wesfarmers Wesfarmers Limited is an Australia-based combination, established in 1914, with its home office at Perth. The organization overwhelmingly has some expertise in New Zealand and Australian retail, together with manures, modern and security items, coal mining and synthetic substances. It has become the greatest Australian organization as far as income with AU$62.7 billion in the year 2015, outperforming mining monster BHP Billion and retail contender Woolworths Limited. Wesfarmers is likewise the greatest private manager in the nation, with a workforce of 205,000 individuals (IBIS Wrold, 2015). At first settled as a co-employable to offer product and administrations to Western Australian ranchers, the organization was recorded on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1984 and from now on developed into a major retail aggregate. On turning into an open association, it enhanced its inclinations through a progression of mergers and acquisitions. Wesfarmers bought Cole, an Australian grocery store, comfort, fuel and alcohol retailer in 2007 (Who we are, 2015). Another division of the Group is the Home Improvement and Office Supplies which is comprised of the Bunning Warehouse, a retailer of outside living and home improvement items, serving business and home purchasers in New Zealand and Australia; and Officeworks, a provider and retailer of office stock for home, instruction and business in Australia. Wesfarmers retail chain business is rebuilt into a solitary division named Department Stores wherein Kmart and Target are two significant retail chain retailers. The organization is l ikewise into mechanical organizations for example Synthetic substances, Energy and Fertilizers; Industrial and Safety; and Resources (Wesfarmers Sustainability Report, 2012). The Group has 8 auxiliaries and 79 officials. The authoritative structure is divisional with each division having its own structure. Dynamic is saved for the senior administration in each division. Wesfarmers has made sure about numerous national and global honors and awards for exceptional works in various streams. A 12% expansion in trade deals during 2008/09 in the site of the most noticeably awful and greatest fall in worldwide interest in 40 years, helped Wesfarmers Curragh secure the countrys most regarded business sending out respect for the Minerals and Energy classification (Wesfarmers Resources, 2012). Woolworths Limited Woolworths Limited is an Australian firm with broad retail intrigue the whole way across New Zealand and Australia. It is the second greatest organization as far as income in Australia after Wesfarmers and the second greatest in New Zealand. In addition, it is the greatest takeaway alcohol retailer in the country. The fundamental activities of Woolworths Limited, which was established in 1924, incorporate alcohol retailing (as Dan Murphys and BWS in Australia), grocery stores (under the brand name Countdown in New Zealand, and Woolworths in Australia), rebate office chains as Big W in Australia, and bars and lodgings under the ALH Group umbrella (IBIS World, 2015). The Group appreciates advertise driving situations in all the significant markets. It is 30% bigger in Australian Food and Liquor than its nearest rival. Experts stands second in the hugely engaging Home Improvement advertise. Woolworths is likewise the greatest household web based retailer in Australia (McArthur, 2013). Again a divisional various leveled structure is followed in the association, with the BOD following up in the interest of its investors in controlling the capacities and protecting great corporate administration. The Management Board is additionally accused of the duty of overseeing choices and activities. As a brand, Woolworths has come to mean remarkable quality and has achieved a famous status in a nation where individuals affectionately allude to it as Woolies. The Group has additionally been offered with a few honors for its maintainable improvement activities. It was granted the Disability Employment Award at the Australian Resources Institutes Diversity Awards in 2013 for its handicap enrollment drive. Together with its accomplice WorkFocus, the organization was perceived for building up a booklet How to Guide for Recruiting People with Disability. This was intended to help head supervisors over the association to all the more likely grasp the procedures and advantages of employing impaired individuals (Woolworths Limited, 2013). Wellsprings of Finance Momentary Finance Wesfarmers The business utilizes momentary business fund to snatch fast open doors which require the business exchange to be done in brief timeframe. The complete momentary account according to companys monetary record for the year finished June 2015 add up to AU$1,913. These incorporate bank overdrafts (AU$6), Corporate securities (AU$1,584), and other bank advances (AU$323) (Wesfarmers, 2015). Bank overdrafts permit the organization to compose checks for a sum more prominent than what they have in their record during a given timeframe. This is particularly advantageous when the income moves in and out a few times in a month. In addition, it guarantees opportune installments in this manner dodging punishments. Corporate securities which make up the most elevated extent of Wesfarmers momentary borrowings, demonstrate to b a profoundly adaptable methods for raising obligation capital. Wesfarmers has both unbound present and unbound non-current corporate securities, nonetheless, the fi gure referenced above is in regard of unbound current corporate securities (Ehrhardt and Brigham, 2008). These bonds settle the companys financed by having huge obligations at a fixed intrigue. This gives security against the dynamic financial changes and variable paces of intrigue. Momentary Bank Loans empowers the retailer to reimburse the credit sum in a shorter span and with less premium (Rigby, 2011). Woolworths likewise utilizes momentary sources to fund its transient business needs. The all out momentary fund of the organization for the year finished June 2015 was AU$1,645. This included momentary currency advertise advances (AU$10), bank advances (AU$23.8), transient protections (AU$1,609.9), and fund leases (AU$1.7). All these are unbound wellsprings of assets. With assistance of a rent, the organization doesn't have to purchase an item which may not be required in the long haul, and this source likewise lessens the business costs (Woolworths Limited, 2015). Long haul Finance Long haul Debt Wesfarmers The organization utilizes long haul obligations to back its fixed resource needs, to subsidize its lasting part of working capital, to grow its divisions and numerous different purposes. Long haul obligation contains money related commitments and credits going on for over one year. Wesfarmers absolute long haul borrowings for the year finished June 2015 were AU$4,615 (Wesfarmers, 2015). This involved non-current unbound corporate obligations of a similar worth. This suggests the organization didn't take any drawn out bank advances and supported its drawn out necessities totally through corporate securities. WoolworthsWoolworths additionally relies upon long haul obligations for purchasing fixed resources, expanding offices and business extension purposes. The companys all out long haul borrowings for the year finished June 2015 add up to AU$3,079. Woolworths, notwithstanding, has an expanded arrangement of long haul borrowings, including long haul protections (AU$2,384.6), Finance leases (AU$2.9), and Woolworths Notes II (AU$696.5) (Woolworths Limited, 2015). Value This is the possession capital of an organization. Any open restricted firm can raise assets from advertisers or open as value share capital through the issuance of normal value shares. The proprietors of Ordinary offers get their arrival on capital and profit once the inclination investors are paid (Kumar and Francisco, 2005). Wesfarmers The investors value in the organization for the year finishing June 2015 was AU$21,844. These incorporate own offers gained (Wesfarmers. 2015). Woolworths The proprietors own value in Woolworths for the year finishing June 2015 was AU$5,064.9. These incorporate completely paid normal offers (AU$4,850.1), shares gave due to share alternatives and rights practiced under worker long haul impetus plans (AU$.3), and offers gave in view of profit reinvestment plan (AU$6.5) (Woolworths Limited, 2015). Capital Structure and Financial Ratio Analysis Capital Structure Wesfarmers The fundamental objective of Wesfarmers capital structure is to give an appropriate come back to its investors. Wesfarmers capital is a blend of net obligation, investors value and saves. As a significant empowering influence of conveying reasonable comes back to investors, the organization expects to hold a viable capital structure which is lined up with an amazing FICO score and solid speculation grade. Hearty free income age, bolstered by controlled portfolio the board has permitted the association to embrace capital administration (Wesfarmers. 2015). Wesfarmers obligation levels rose during the year yet they are still low. The part of value in the capital structure is very higher when contrasted with obligation. Woolworths deals with its capital structure with an intend to improve long haul investor esteem by enhancing its weighted normal expense of capital while retaining adaptability to pursue development and take capital administration activities. The organization has a drawn out obligation financing approach that involves a tendency toward long haul obligation from the capital markets for coordinating long haul resources; limiting the dangers of renegotiating by amazing obligation developments and utilizing different wellsprings of obligation; and, totally supporting remote cash introduction and loan fee to shape assurance around subsidizing costs (Woolworths Limited, 2015). In spite of this strategy, the organization is at present utilizing exceptionally low degrees of obligation in contrast with value. Budgetary Ratios Proportions Wesfarmers Woolworths Current Ratio (Current Assets/Current Liabilities) 9,093/9,726 = .93 7,661/9,169 = .84 Obligation Equity Ratio

First-Year Retreats at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

First-Year Retreats at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following post is credited to second-year student Sawako Sonoyama. ________________________ First-Year Retreats at SIPA Not sure what your concentration should be? It may be confusing to know which concentration is right for you during the application stage. However, there will be plenty of opportunities for you to learn about all of the different concentrations at the beginning of your first semester before you have to decide. One perfect way to explore if a concentration is right for you is to go on a Retreat. Every year during the first month of the Fall semester, almost all of the Concentrations, Specializations, and Specific Degree Programs will offer a Retreat for first-year students. There are so many retreats to choose from! In one weekend, a SIPA first-year must decide between the International Finance and Economic Policy (IFEP) retreat , the United Nations Study Program (UNSP) retreat, or the Energy and Environment Retreat. These retreats have many objectives: to convince those who are uncertain about their path, to make new friends amongst those who are interested, to introduce the faculty and advisors involved, and to create your family at SIPA. It is true that your concentration becomes somewhat of your family during your 2-year life at SIPA and I was able to find this family through my concentration retreat.   As an Economic and Political Development (EPD) student, going to the EPD retreat last year was one of the best decisions I made. Looking back, I made the majority of my SIPA friends this weekend at the EPD retreat. We still laugh about the inside jokes and the corky activities we shared from that weekend. (Can’t tell you what we did exactly, don’t want to ruin the surprise!) EPD Retreat 2009 Recently I had the pleasure of going on the EPD retreat again as a second year. I was chosen to help organize the retreat by creating community building activities, facilitating discussions, and answering a lot of “first-year” questions.  I was pleasantly surprised that I actually could give some advice, considering just a year ago I was lost and clueless about what courses, concentrations, etc.  It is quite incredible how much we learned in one short year and also scary that we will be graduating next spring. Overall, it was nostalgic and wonderful to return back to where we started as EPD students just a year ago. I am happy to have made a lot of first-year friends while reconnecting with my 2nd year EPD friends. From what we could observe, the first-years seem to have had a great time and successfully created their family as well. I hope that they loved the EPD retreat as much as I did,  and encourage all future SIPA students to go on at least one retreat when they arrive to SIPA. EPD Retreat 2010â€"2nd years

The History and Importance of Decolonizing Native American Ethnography - Free Essay Example

Ranco, Darren J. Toward a Native Anthropology: Hermeneutics, Hunting Stories, and Theorizing from Within. Wica Saw Review 21, no. 2 (Autumn, 2006): 61-78. University Minnesota Press. Darren Ranco is currently an Associate Professor of Anthropology and Coordinator of Native American Research at the University of Maine. In his essay; Toward a Native Anthropology: Hermeneutics, Hunting Stories, and Theorizing from Within, Ranco discusses the topic of Native American representation by non-native Anthropologists. He brings up the idea of anthropologists searching for the Other and this search as a colonial desire. The tendency for the anthropologists to think of the Other as having to be something that is extremely Other is also brought up. Ranco discusses his own challenges as a Native American anthropologist and the backlash he received from his professors in graduate school when he wanted to focus on his own people as he described it. Ranco argues for anthropology which will fight for the rights of Native communities and give back some of the control to Natives over what is said to be their history and their culture. Ranco also argues his point through the words of Bea Medicine when explaining the necessity of the role of Native American anthropologists. Medicine believed that Native American anthropologists could educate other anthropologists on how to be respectful of the communities where they do research and show the importance of relationships among the anthropologist and the subjects. I plan to use this essay to show the argument for more Native Anthropologists to study in their own communities as well as the need for all anthropologists to not only see Native communities they are studying as objects of ethnographic research, but partners in their writings and projects. By viewing Native Americans as partners in ethnographic research instead of simply the objects of the research, an attempt can be made to give some control back to Native Americans as to how their cultures and histories are presented as well as working towards more collaborative efforts among the two. Simpson, Audra. Mohawk Interruptus: Political Life Across the Borders of Settler States. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2014. Audra Simpsons book, Mohawk Interruptus: Political Life Across the Borders of Settler States, focuses on ethnographic work conducted on the reserve community of the Mohawks of Kahnaw?  :ke. Located in the southwestern region of Quebec, the Kahnaw?  :ke Mohawks struggle for their own political sovereignty from the settle state. A major point of conflict is the Kahnaw?  :ke Mohawks fight for the validity of their own government. Being part of the Haudenosaunee, commonly known as the Iroquois Confederacy, the Kahnaw?  :ke Mohawks deny Canadian or American citizenship to help prove the validity and power of their own Haudenosaunee governance. Another step many have taken is traveling with Haudenosaunee issued passports rather than American or Canadian. Simpson describes how the Iroquois National Lacrosse Team (INLT) did not participate in the World Lacrosse League Championship tournament to be held in Manchester, England due to the refusal of the United Kingdom to recognize their Haudenosaunee issued passports. By doing this, Simpson brings up the idea of refusal to play the game. This meaning that the lacrosse players refused to play the game of being either American or Canadian and rather stayed by their Iroquois claim of belonging. Simpson also discusses the complicated issues of what defines Native American citizen. The question of blood quantum and intermarriage are brought up in relation to who should be added to the Iroquois membership rolls. I plan to use Simpsons work to showcase both the work of Native American anthropologists to decolonize Native anthropology by reclaiming their own history and culture. Starn, Ori. Ishis Brain: In Search of Americas Last Wild Indian. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2005. In Starns book, Ishis Brain: In Search of Americas Last Wild Indian, the story of Ishi is unfolded. After wandering out of the San Francisco hills in 1911, Ishi was considered the last of his tribe, the Yahi which Alfred Kroeber would later name them. Throughout the book, Starn not only discusses the problematic treatment of Ishi, but he also describes his own search for the controversial missing brain of Ishi. Starn not only combats the issues of representation but also that of a non-Native anthropologist working with very deeply rooted cultural issues for the Indigenous people of California. Throughout the novel, Starn points out the multiple occasions in which Alfred Kroebers wife, Theodora Kroeber, misrepresented Ishi as well as the circumstances in which he lived in her novel Ishi in Two Worlds: A Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America. I plan to use this source in order to point out some of the issues of representation and the rights of Indigenous peoples in the pas t. Not only through the eyes of the government, but by anthropologists themselves. An example I plan to use is the frequency of Theodora Kroeber to misrepresent the circumstances in which Ishi lived his life in San Francisco. Many of the alterations she made to his story were sometimes leaving out what some people would have considered injustices which her husband committed against Ishi as well as her tendency to romanticize him as a shaman or healer of some sorts. Another topic of interest in which I plan to use from this source is the thoughts of how Alfred Kroeber treated Ishi as a specimen in most cases, although claiming to consider Ishi to be a good friend. Who has the right to represent Indigenous populations and how they are represented are questions that I will be using Starns novel to address in my paper. I will also use Starns respect as an outsider in regard to cultural practices where he knows that, despite his desire to attend, he is respectful of the invitation, or th e lack of, from the Indigenous people involved. Tuck, Eve, and K. Wayne Yang. Decolonization Is Not A Metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education, Society 1, no.1 (2012): 1â€Å"40. In Decolonization Is Not A Metaphor, Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang discuss the increasing occurrence of decolonization to be turned into a metaphor, discrediting the meaning and power behind the word. In an attempt to remind readers what is unsettling about decolonization, Eve and Tuck explain the different forms of colonialism and how it is present within North America. One of the main characteristics of colonization in North America which made it different from others was that in settler colonialism, the colonizer is coming to stay. This desire to stay then leads to the inevitable desire to eliminate the Indigenous for the acquisition of their land. Another large portion of the essay is dedicated to five actions which the authors name as settler moves to innocence. These five moves are settler nativism, fantasizing adoption, colonial equivocation, conscientization, at risk-ing/ asterisk-ing Indigenous peoples, and re-occupation and urban homesteading. According to Eve and Tuck, to tru ly decolonize, there must be a break of the settler colonialism structure. This would then call for the reparation of lands to the Indigenous is decolonization is to even begin. I plan to use this article to discuss the true meaning of decolonization. If decolonization has lost much of its potency due to its use as a metaphor, is it even possible for many to understand the true meaning. Is the sympathy many settlers feel for the Indigenous who they have affected truly enough to bring them to the conclusion that to make up for these wrongs, they must return dispossessed land to those who originally lived on them? I will use the information I have found in this article to lay out the meaning of decolonization and if the settlers will ever make an attempt to decolonize. Wolfe, Patrick. Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native. Journal of Genocide Research 8, no. 4 (December 2006): 387-409. In this piece, Patrick Wolfe discusses the inherently eliminatory nature of settler colonialism and how it is still seen today. One point that Wolfe makes is that Black people and Native Americans have both been racialized in the United States, but in opposite ways. For Black people enslaved by those in the US, their reproduction only brought more wealth to their owner. No matter how little blood they had of African descent, they were still considered Black and a slave. Native Americans on the other hand created an issue when their numbers rose, limiting access to lands. This led to the restriction of who was classified as Native American and who was not. Wolfe talk about how settler colonialism does not have the primary reason for colonization be race, but that of taking land. Settlers have come to stay. The Doctrine of Discovery is also explored in this piece. In European understanding, the first to discover the land then had the right to buy land from the natives who lived there. Even though it seems as if this gave the Indigenous population a choice on the matter, it did not always work that way. Wolfe quotes Harvey Rosenthal as saying, The American right to buy always supersede the Indian right to sell. I will use Wolfes piece to demonstrate the past and present practice of eliminating the Native American in a post-colonial state.

Essay about Book Review - 1045 Words

Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, Good Wives Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England 1650-1750 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983) The novel Good Wives is a study of the many roles women play in Northern New England from 1650-1750. The book is split into three sections; all named after biblical females who portrayed idealized feminine traits within New England society. The first part is named Bathsheba, which shows and explains the responsibilities and possibilities women had as a housewife focusing on economic life. The second part is dedicated to Eve. It includes not only the role of being a mother, but also the complexities of sexual life and childbirth in New England. In the third section, Jael, Ulrich explains†¦show more content†¦Ulrich describes three women’s lives including: one living on a farm, one living in a coastal town, and one living near the frontier. All three of the women’s housework was essential for the household’s survival. In order to be a good deputy husband woman must bear male duties. This could mean planting corn as a farmer’s wife or winding quills for the loom as a weaver’s wife. They also expanded responsibility for the external affairs of the family acting as not just a helper but a potential surrogate. A friendly neighbor sustained the community of women by embracing the obligations of charity, helpfulness, and sociability. Women were expected to gossip, trade, assist in childbirth, share tools and lore, and watch for cases of abuse. Throughout Eve, part two of the book, Ulrich focuses on how to be a good wife involving sex and reproduction. As a consort, a woman must be very involved in their husband’s lives. For happier couples this brought upon a harmonized marriage both spiritually and sexually, but for less happier marriages major clashes could occur. However as Christians and wives, women were expected to act secondary to their husbands. Some marriages w ere closer to equality than others, but it was challenging to achieve this balance. Ulrich quotes William Secker in his explanation of a husband and wife’s relationship in Colonial New England. â€Å"A husband a wife, he wrote, were like two instruments making music, two streams in one current, aShow MoreRelatedBook Review : A Review Of A Book Review1431 Words   |  6 Pages Book reviews are just that: a review of a book. They can be used for news articles, blogs, or academic journals. A book review is more than just a book report. It can give the reader more of an insight into not just the book, but the author as well. Most authors write of what they know. For example, some authors have backgrounds in law enforcement so they write about cases they know or have worked. Other authors research groups of people, for example the Knights Templar, and write of whatRead MoreFor this assignment I read the book reviews Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley; He700 Words   |  3 PagesFor this assignment I read the book reviews Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley; He Accused ‘An Officer and a Spy,’ by Robert Harris; Breaking In ‘The Burglary,’ by Betty Medsger. For the book review Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley the reviewer seem to have thought fondly of this book while writing majority positive things about this novel. The review He Accused which went over the novel ‘An Officer and a Spy,’ by Robert Harris seemed to be majority mixed to the pointRead MoreReview Of The Book Thief Essays1174 Words   |  5 PagesReview of: The Book Thief by Markus Zusak It seems sometimes like the market for young adult literature is written down to the readers, almost in a condescending manner. 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Former Librarian of the United States Congress and Historian, Daniel Boorstin, was a notable exception, who led the charge against the exhibit commenting in the first guestbook that it was â€Å"perverse, historically inaccurate [and] destructive.† Most academic reviews were positive, especially praising the catalogue which provided considerably more nuance d and detailed analysisRead MoreBook Review822 Words   |  4 PagesBOOK REVIEW FREEDOM IS NOT FREE BY SHIV KHERA Submitted by: Particulars of the Book Title in full : Freedom is Not Free Written by : Shiv Khera Publisher : Macmillan India Ltd Price : Rs 295 Pages : 223 pages Aim 1. To review the book â€Å"FREEDOM IS NOT FREE â€Å"by Shiv Khera. AboutRead MoreBook Review1441 Words   |  6 PagesBOOK REVIEW COMPANY COMMAND THE BOTTOM LINE BY: JOHN G. MEYER,JR. IG ASSESSOR STUDENT OFFICER LT ABHISHEK SHARMA YO’S FD-1606 ‘B’ TP CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. About the author 3. About the book 4. Quality of presentation Read MoreBook Review : Book 903 Words   |  4 PagesFor this reading assignment we were reading chapters 1, 2, and 3, I find it helpful to me to read, take notes on and write out summaries as if this was two books. I will start off each time with Wes the author. As the book open we have Wes remembering a day that he and his older sister Nikki, were playing a game. Wes caught her and not knowing what to do, punched her in the face. Joy, Wes’ mother was very upset because Wes had hit a â€Å"girl†, and set him to his room. Wes’ father calmed Joy down byRead MoreBook Review1213 Words   |  5 PagesBook Review by Martha Hall Findlay, March 2011 Approaching Public Administration – Core Debates and Emerging Issues Edited by Roberto P. Leone (Wilfrid Laurier University) and Frank L.K. Ohemeng (University of Ottawa); 2011, Emond Montgomery Publications I recommend this book to all Members of Parliament. 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I Chose Sakai As A Teacher - 1449 Words

Sakai is a two and a half year old boy who attends a preschool which is under supervision of a Christian church. This preschool has three classes: one for preschool, the others for kindergarten 1 and kindergarten 2; the children range from ages 3 to 5 years old. There are four main teachers and a principal of the school, and there is a total of 26 students in the three classes. I chose Sakai because he is the youngest one in the school and he has many behavior problems with his main teacher and with his peers. Since he is the youngest, his behavior is of interest. I will use concepts of this course to analyze ways to understand his behavior and help him grow and develop. I observed Sakai as a teacher in Jumpstart program; I go there two†¦show more content†¦When I ask Sakai to listen and try to guide him and tell him to be good, he listens to me, but his behavior quickly changes. He will easily walk away without changing his attitude. Sakai s inappropriate behavior is that he plays too rough with his toys and acts rough with his peers and teachers. Rough behavior can become an entrenched habit by age 8. Furthermore, it sends a message that hurting people is acceptable. Children at the preschool age are very active and sometimes their play can get rough. Although this type of play may sometimes appear to be serious, a teacher can usually tell if they are really fighting. They are just beginning to realize they have physical power and strength. Most of the time, rough play is harmless, but fun. We have to step in when the child punches a playmate or tries to hurt him. Sakai and his twin brother usually sit with their teacher Mrs. O because they are smaller than the rest and their language skills are much less developed than the rest of their peers. Sakai always plays alone. He does not even play with his brother. The teacher always tries to separate them, so they do not play with each other. One day during free time , Sakai joined the other students in play. While they were playing with a puzzle mat, he jumped onto the mat and started to throw everything the other children had done. The other two boys, Abnor and Peter, tried to tell him to leave their puzzle, but Sakai did not. Abnor then tried

Humor An Essentially Social Phenomenon - 1042 Words

Humor is an essentially social phenomenon. Humorous jokes and funny performances and scenes in films are a form of communication that is typically common in social interaction. These humorous jokes and expressions are socially and ethnically made. They often relate to a particular to a specific time and place. The subjects and issues that an individual may joke about may typically be essential to the social and moral order of society. (Kuipers, 2007) Humor is the idea that a phenomenon can be conceptualized as originating from juxtaposing two or more conceptualizations that do not normatively speak or go together. Despite the social characterization in humor, sociology, this is the idea that studies society and human behavior, has not concerned itself much with humor. Humor is considered as a form of social deviance that can lead to positive sanctions as well as negative sanctions. Humor allows individuals to discuss controversial or taboo subjects. Humor works as a mechanism to addr ess subject areas that a society regards as upsetting. These areas have been constructed as a psychologically or socially out of norm. It also allows oppressed social groups to undermine the ideologies of their oppressor. Humor can be born out of experiences expressing grief and sorrow. It allows individuals to express contempt towards other individuals, social groups, and societies and allows us to celebrate triumph over enemies. Controversial humor is humor that can be used to expose andShow MoreRelated Flannery Oconnor1301 Words   |  6 Pagescathedral and growing up in the Bible Belt (Liukkonen). Flannery attended parochial schools until entering the Georgia State College for Women, where she entered into an accelerated three-year program as a day student (Gordon). She graduated with a Social Sciences degree in 1945 and left Milledgeville for the State University of Iowa where she had been accepted in Paul Engle’s prestigious Writers Workshop. 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Ã¥ ¹ ½Ã© »ËœÃ¨ ¢ «Ã¦Å½ ¥Ã¥ â€"ï ¼Å'ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ© ²Å"明的ä ¾â€¹Ã¥ ­ Ã¥ ° ±Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§Ë† ±Ã¦Æ'…åâ€"Å"å‰ §Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¦ ¨ ¡Ã¤ » ¿Ã¯ ¼Å'æÅ"‰å ¹ ½Ã© »ËœÃ§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€¦Æ'ç ´  Ã¯ ¼Å'所ä » ¥Ã§â€Å¸Ã¦ ´ »Ã¥ ¤ §Ã§Ë†â€ Ã§â€š ¸Ã¨ ¢ «Ã¦Å½ ¥Ã¥ â€"ï ¼Å'Ã¥ ¹ ¶Ã¤ ¸â€Ã¦Å"‰å ¹ ½Ã© »ËœÃ¥â€¦Æ'ç ´  Ã¯ ¼Å'æ ¯â€Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ§Ë† ±Ã¦Æ'…å… ¬Ã¥ ¯â€œ Culture adaptionä ¸ ºÃ¤ »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¯ ¼Å'ï ¼Å'原å›  Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"适å ºâ€Ã¯ ¼Å'æˆâ€"æ˜ ¯Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"è ® ¤Ã¥ Å'ï ¼Å'æˆâ€"æ˜ ¯Ã¤ ¸Å½Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã¦Å"‰ä »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ³Ã§ ³ »Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥  ¸Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¥Å â€º 生æ ´ »Ã¥ ¤ §Ã§Ë†â€ Ã§â€š ¸Ã¤ ¸Å½Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"èž Ã¥ Ë†Ã§â€š ¹Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥â€œ ª ä ¼Å¡Ã¨ ¯ Ã© £Å½Ã¦   ¼Ã¨ ¢ «Ã¦Å½ ¥Ã¥ â€"ï ¼Å'ï ¼Å'ä ¼Å¡Ã¨ ¯ Ã¤ ½â€œÃ§Å½ °Ã¥Ë† °Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã¦â€" ¹Ã©  ¢ ä » ·Ã¥â‚¬ ¼Ã¨ §â€šÃ§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ½ ±Ã¥â€œ  æÅ"‹å â€¹Ã¦Å"‰æÆ'… çˆ ¶Ã¦ ¯ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã©â€" ´Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦â€žÅ¸Ã¦Æ'…Read MoreA Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett4073 Words   |  17 Pagescare of Miss Minchin, Select Seminary for Young Ladies, her supportive and emotional environment1 in London drastically changes, especially upon being told of her father’s death and loss fortune. 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Power and Manipulation Essay - 771 Words

Throughout human history’s course, women hardly retained free speech rights. The men possessed an absolute authority over females because they had strength and larger duties. However, women’s low societal position confined them from seeking independence, security, and achievements. The general public’s analysis was strictly constrained to female domestic tasks. If one defied the social structure, the consequences would result condemnation and shame on the entire family. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice contain many underlying information regarding women’s hierarchy status, maintaining social distinctions and obligations, and acquiring power. Although Jane Austen concentrates on developing the female characters, she also distinctly†¦show more content†¦Women did not have the opportunity to decide their future; the patriarch often chose his daughters’ fates. Individualism in an ideal society cannot exist because it destroys the peoples’ order and beliefs. Class distinction through status and money help regulate the social hierarchy. If an individual obstructs the balance, chaos and hostility among the groups would occur. For instance, the Bennets risk the opportunity for societal advancement to Lydia’s carelessness. Lydia Bennet’s infamous elopement cause humiliation for her family; Elizabeth says, â€Å"If you were aware, of the very great disadvantage to us all, which must arise from the public notice of Lydias unguarded and imprudent manner.† (Austen ch.41). Elizabeth’s comments demonstrate the importance of following society’s rules rather than jeopardizing family relations. For example, Lady Catherine’s continual command over the inferiors assures her high position. When Elizabeth prepares for dinner, her friend Charlotte says, â€Å"Lady Catherine will not think the worse of you fo r being simply dressed. She likes to have the distinction of rank preserved. (Austen 1.ch.6.6); this quote demonstrates the struggle women possess regarding power. The underlying emotion Lady Catherine retains consists of fear and uncertainty. She thrives for power and success, therefore removing her dominance would set upShow MoreRelatedThe Power of Manipulation Essay1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe power of manipulation is a very powerful tool and can easily be misused to benefit the person who uses it, while harming the people who are subject to its effects. If left unchecked a large group can be controlled by a single person. Much of this manipulation has been seen through nations seeking to control the populous, such as in Germany during World War II, in order to maintain an illusion. The manipulation used by Nurse Ratched and McMurphy in Ken Keseys One Flew OverRead MoreThe Power of Manipulation Essay784 Words   |  4 Pages57-61) Macbeth was never ridded of his free will. In fact, he was never strong enough to walk away from it. 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Favorite Sport Football Free Essays

string(79) " customer satisfaction diminishes when a firm has increased  bargaining power\." CONSUMER PREFERENCE AND SATISFACTION TOWARDS VARIOUS CELLPHONE SERVICE PROVIDES CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION CONSUMER A consumer is an individual who purchase or has the capacity to purchase goods and services offered for sale by marketing institutions in order to satisfy  personal or household needs,wants or desires. According to a statement made by Mahatma Gandhi, ‘consumer refers to the following, â€Å"A consumer is  the most important visitor on our premises. He is not dependent on us. We will write a custom essay sample on Favorite Sport Football or any similar topic only for you Order Now We are dependent on him. He is not an outsider to our  Ã‚  business. He is part of it. We are not doing him a favour by serving him. He is doing us a favour by giving us an opportunity to do so†. So  consumer  is  like  the  blood  of  our  business  and  also  a satisfedcustomer is a word of mouth advertisement of a product / services. The consumer is the one who pays to consume the goods and services produced. As such, consumers play a vital role in the economic system of a nation. In the absence of effective consumer demand, producers would lack one of the key motivations to produce to sell to consumers. Typically, when  business  people and economists talk of  consumers, they are talking about  the person as consumer, an aggregated  commodity item with little  individuality  other than that expressed in the decision to buy or not to buy. However, there is a trend in  marketing  to individualize the concept. Instead of generating broad  demographic profiles  and  psycho-graphic profiles  of  market segments, marketers have started to engage in personalized marketing,  permission marketing, and  mass customization. There is increasing backlash from the public over use of the label â€Å"consumer† rather than â€Å"customer†, with many finding it offensive and derogatory. Consumer choice  is a theory of  microeconomics  that relates preferences  for consumption goods  and services to consumption expenditures and ultimately to   consumer demand curves. The link between personal preferences, consumption, and the demand curve  is one of the most closely studied relations in economics. Consumer choice theory is a way of analyzing how consumers may achieve  Ã‚  equilibrium between preferences and expenditures by maximizing  utility  as subject to consumer   budget constraints. Preferences are the desires by each individual for the consumption of goods and services that translate into choices based on income or wealth  for purchases of goods and services to be combined with the consumer’s time to define consumption activities. Consumption is separated from production, logically, because two different consumers are involved. In the first case consumption is by the primary individual; in the second case, a producer might make something that he would not consume himself. Therefore, different motivations and abilities are involved. The  Ã‚  models that make up consumer theory are used to  represent  prospectively observable demand patterns for an individual buyer on the  hypothesis  of constrained optimization. Prominent variables used to explain the rate at which the good is purchased (demanded) are the price per unit of that good, prices of related goods, and wealth of the consumer. The fundamental theorem of demand states that the rate of consumption falls as the price of the good rises. This is called the  substitution effect. Clearly if one does not have enough money to pay the price then they cannot buy any of that item. As prices rise, consumers will substitute away from higher priced goods and services, choosing less costly alternatives. Subsequently, as the wealth of the individual rises, demand increases, shifting the demand curve higher at all rates of consumption. This is called the  income effect. As wealth rises, consumers will substitute away from less costly inferior goods and services, choosing higher priced alternatives. CONSUMER SATISFACTION Every human being is a consumer of different produces. If there is no consumer,  there  is  no  business. Therefore,  consumer  satisfaction  is   very important to every business person. According to Philip Kotler consumer satisfaction is defined on, â€Å"personal feeling of pleasure resulting from comparing a product’s pursued performance in relation to his /her expectations†. Consumer attitude measurements are taken on either potential buries or  existing client’s buries in order  to identify their characteristics. Why should the competent market engineer conduct consumer research? Consumer’s surverys  can provide the researcher with a wealth of information, valuable of the marketing funchion. Detailed information regarding the customer in a market will provide the  basic platform for all marketing decisions. Marketing decision maker needs descriptive information about the total potential unit and dollar sales in each segment. Perhaps the most important one is that a seller need to be  aware of the relevant objective and need  of consumer and  how their objectives  might best reserved by the products. Customer satisfaction, a term frequently used in  marketing, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. Customer satisfaction is defined as â€Å"the number of customers, or percentage of total customers, whose reported experience with a firm, its products, or its services (ratings) exceeds specified satisfaction goals. †Ã‚  In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 71 percent responded that they found a customer satisfaction metric very useful in managing and monitoring their businesses. It is seen as a key performance indicator within business and is often part of a balanced scorecard. In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers, customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy. â€Å"Within organizations, customer satisfaction ratings can have powerful effects. They focus employees on the importance of fulfilling customers’ expectations. Furthermore, when these ratings dip, they warn of problems that can affect sales and profitability. . . These metrics quantify an important dynamic. When a brand has loyal customers, it gains positive word-of-mouth marketing, which is both free and highly effective. † Therefore, it is essential for businesses to effectively manage customer satisfaction. To be able do this, firms need reliable and representative measures of satisfaction. â€Å"In researching satisfaction, firms generally ask customers whether their product or s ervice has met or exceeded expectations. Thus, expectations are a key factor behind satisfaction. When customers have high expectations and the reality falls short, they will be disappointed and will likely rate their experience as less than satisfying. For this reason, a luxury resort, for example, might receive a lower satisfaction rating than a budget motel even though its facilities and service would be deemed superior in ‘absolute’ terms. † The importance of customer satisfaction diminishes when a firm has increased  bargaining power. You read "Favorite Sport Football" in category "Essay examples" For example,   cell phone  plan providers, such as AT;T  and  Verizon, participate in an industry that is an  oligopoly , where only a few suppliers of a certain product or service exist. As such, many cell phone plan contracts have a lot of  fine print with provisions that they would never get away if there were, say, a hundred cell phone plan providers, because customer satisfaction would be way too low, and customers would easily have the option of leaving for a better contract offer. There is a substantial body of empirical literature that establishes the benefits of customer satisfaction for firms. PURPOSE â€Å"Customer satisfaction provides a leading indicator of consumer purchase intentions and loyalty.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Customer satisfaction data are among the most frequently collected indicators of market perceptions. Their principal use is two fold. † 1. â€Å"Within organizations, the collection, analysis and dissemination of these data send a message about the importance of tending to customers and ensuring that they have a positive experience with the company’s goods and services. † 2. â€Å"Although sales or market share can indicate ho w well a firm is performing currently, satisfaction is perhaps the best indicator of how likely it is that the firm’s customers will make further purchases in the future. Much research has focused on the relationship between customer satisfaction and retention. Studies indicate that the ramifications of satisfaction are most strongly realized at the extremes. † On a five-point scale, â€Å"individuals who rate their satisfaction level as ‘5’ are likely to become return customers and might even evangelize for the firm. (A second important metric related to satisfaction is willingness to recommend. This metric is defined as â€Å"The percentage of surveyed customers who indicate that they would recommend a brand to friends. When a customer is satisfied with a product, he or she might recommend it to friends, relatives and colleagues. This can be a powerful marketing advantage. ) â€Å"Individuals who rate their satisfaction level as ‘1,’ by contrast, are unlikely to return. Further, they can hurt the firm by making negative comments about it to prospective customers. Willingness to recommend is a key metric relating to customer satisfaction. † MARKET The term market is derived from Latin Word ‘Mercatus’, which means ‘totrade’ that is purchasing and selling of goods. It also means merchandise truthic   place of business. According to Pyle, â€Å"Market includes both place and region in which  buyers and sellers or in free competition with one another†. A  market  is one of many varieties of  systems,  institutions,  procedures,  social relations  and  infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange. While parties may exchange goods and services by  barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services (including labor) in exchange for  money  from buyers. It can be said that a market is the process by which the prices of goods and services are established. For a market to be competitive, there must be more than a single buyer or seller. It has been suggested that two people may trade, but it takes at least three persons to have a market, so that there is competition on at least one of its two sides. However,competitive  markets, as understood in formal economic theory, rely on much larger numbers of both buyers and sellers. A market with single seller and multiple buyers is amonopoly. A market with a single buyer and multiple sellers is a  monopsony. These are the extremes of imperfect competition. MARKETING Marketing includes all the impacts involved in the exchange process of   transferring  the  possession  and  ownership  of  goods  or  services  from   the  producer to the ultimate consumer’s. Marketing  is the process of  communicating  the value of a product or service to  customers. Marketing might sometimes be interpreted as the art of selling products, but selling is only a small fraction of marketing. As the term â€Å"Marketing† may replace â€Å"Advertising† it is the overall strategy and function of promoting a product or service to the customer. The American Marketing Association defines marketing as â€Å"the activity ,set of institutions,and processes for creating, communication, delivering,and exchanging offerings that have value for customers,clients,partners,and society at large. † From a societal point of view, marketing is the link between a society’s material requirements and its economic  patterns of response. Marketing satisfies these needs and wants through exchange processes and building long term relationships. The process of communicating the value of a product or service through positioning to customers. Marketing can be looked at as an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, delivering and communicating value to customers, and managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its  shareholders. Marketing is the science of choosing  target markets  through market analysis and  market segmentation, as well as understanding consumer buying behavior and providing superior customer value. MARKETING FORMULA A)The foremost step is business aims at profit. B)For profit making he can sell the products. C)For selling the product he should create customers. D)For  creating the  customer’s,  customer’s needs  of  preferences  to  beidentified and satisfied. E). To satisfy the customer’s new product to be produced. Marketing is trying to learn, * Who buy the products or services? * How do they buy? * When do they buy? * Where do they buy? * Why do they buy? * How often they buy? It  is  otherwise  called  understand  and  predict  human  actions  in  their  Ã‚   buying role. A marketer is act as consumers while them purchasing any goods/services, and try to market that product to an ultimate consumer. So, marketingis starts with consumer and ends with consumer. So, today’s market is called on consumer market. It can be defined on,â€Å"All the individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption. SKILLS OF MARKETERS Marketers have 4 main skill sets that they bring to an enterprise: 1)Opportunity Identification: Marketing begins before there is a product to sell. Many people think marketing is just selling whatever comes out of the manufacturing  plant. It’s the job of marketing to decide WHAT comes out of the manufacturing  plant in the first place. Before a business can make money there must be opportunities for money to be made and it’s marketing’s job to define what those opportunities are. Marketers analyze markets, market gaps, trends, products,competition, and distribution channels to come  up with opportunities to make money. 2)  Competitive strategy/positioning: Markets consist of groups of competitors  competing for a customer’s business. The job of  marketing is to decide how to create a defensible sustainable competitive advantage against competitors. Marketers conceive strategies, tactics, and business models to make it hard if not impossible for competition to take away customers from their business. 3)  Demand generation/management It’s the job of marketing to create and sustain demand for a company’s products. Marketers manage demand for a company’s products by influencing the probability and frequency of their customer’s purchase behavior. 4)Sales: The ultimate goal of marketing is to make money for a business. In most company’s sales is a different discipline and department from marketing. But in order for  sales people to have any long term success in a company they must be led by marketing. The better job a company does of identifying opportunities, creating a differential sustainable competitive advantage, and generating demand for their products the easier it will be for sales people to make sales. MARKET SHARE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INDUSTRY The fixed line and mobile segments serve the basic needs of local calls, long distance callsand the international calls, with the provision of broadband services in the fixed line segment and GPRS in the mobile arena. Traditional telephones have been replaced by the codeless and the wireless instruments. Mobile phone providers have also come up with GPRS-enabled multimedia messaging, Internet surfing, and mobile-commerce. The much-awaited 3G mobile technology is soon going to enter the Indian telecom market. TheGSM,CDMA,WLLservice  providers  are  all  upgrading  them  to  provide  3G  mobile  services. Along  with improvement in telecom services, there is also an improvement in manufacturing. In the  beginning, there were only the Siemens handsets in India but now a whole series of newhandsets, such as Nokia’s latest N-series, Sony Ericsson’s W-series, Motorola’s PDA phones,etc. have come up. Touch screen and advanced technological handsets are gaining popularity. Radio services have also been incorporated in the mobile handsets, along with other applications like high storage memory, multimedia applications, multimedia games, MP3 Players, video generators,Camera’s, etc. The value added services provided by the mobile service operators contribute more than 10% of the total revenue. THE GLOBAL CELLULAR MOBILE INDUSTRY Global telecom sector Earnings visibility Earnings  growth  is  being  driven  by  improving  pricing  conditions, stabilizing  operating trends, aggressive cost cutting initiatives, a positive regulatory environment, strong wireless growth, and  new market  opportunities. This has  translated into  greater visibility  of  forward earnings as evidenced by recent increased analyst upgrades within the sector. Merger synergies Given the substantial amount of excess capital available in the sector and in private equity we expect to see additional merger and acquisition activity, albeit at a slower pace than recently witnessed. Global  telecom  M;A deals  over  the  past  two years  have  reflected  market expansion but have also had a positive effect on the buyers’ balance sheets. Partnering companies have  begun  realizing their  synergies through cost reductions and  economies of  scale. In the US, the largest three companies now account for over 70% of the sector market cap; this compares to 34% in 1990. Trends in bundled services are also paving the way for  additional M;A  activity. Sector  consolidation will  further  increase  the importance  of stock  selection. METHODS TO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Companies use the following methods to measure  customer satisfaction. 1 ) Complaints and suggestion system: Companies obtaining complaints through their  customer service centres, and further suggestions were given by customers to satisfy their  desires. 2) Customer satisfaction surveys: Responsive  companies  obtain  a  direct  measure  of  customer  satisfaction  by  periodic surveys. They send questionnaires to random sample of their customers to find out how they feel  about  various  aspects of  the company’s performance and also  solicit views  on their competitor’s performance. It is useful to measure the customer’s willingness to recommend the company and brand to other persons. 3 )Lost Customer Analysis: Companies should contact customers who have stopped buying or who have switched to another supplier to learn why this happened. 4 )Consumer Behavior Vs  Consumption Behavior: Consumer behavior refers to the manner in which an individual reaches decision related to the selection, purchases and use of goods and services. Walters and Paul says that,consumer behavior is the process where by the individuals decides what, when, how and from whom to purchase goods ; services. Consumer  behavior  relates  to  an  individual  person  (Micro  behavior)  where  asconsumption behavior relates to and to the mass or aggregate of individuals. (Macro  behaviour) consumers   behavior   as  a  study  focuses  on  the  decision  process  of  the individual consumer or consuming unit such as the  family. In contrast the consumption behavior as a study is to do with the explanation of the  behavior of the aggregate of consumers or the consuming unit. Consumer is a pivot,around which the entire system of marketing revolves. The study of buyer behavior is one of the most important keys to successful mark. 1. 2. IMPORTANCE OF CONSUMER SATISFACTION The needs to satisfy customer for success in any commercial enterprise is very obvious. The income of all commercial enterprise is derived from the  payments received for the products and services supplied to its customers. If  there is no customer there is no income and there is no business. Then the coreactivity of any company is to attract and retain customers. It is therefore no surprise that Peter Drucker the renowned management Guru, has said â€Å"to satisfy the customers is the mission and purpose of every business†. Satisfaction of customer is essential for retention of customer’s and for  continuous sales of the products and services of the company to customers. This  establishes  the needa for and the importance of customer satisfaction. The  satisfaction  of  consumers  is  different  from  onto another. Became,  each consumer has the different behaviour in their life. So, the marketer satisfy the consumer, he must very well know the behaviour of consumer. 1. 4. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR The  term  consumer  behaviour  may  be  defined  as  the  behaviour   that consumer displays in searching for purchasing, using, evaluating, producing,services and ideas which they expect will satisfy their needs. In other words, â€Å"It is a study of physiological, social, physical, behaviours of all potential customer  as they become aware of evaluation, purchase and consumption and ell other  about products and services† 1. 5. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: * To study the evaluation of cell phones with particular reference to India. * To ascertain the attributer which influenced the customer’s in selecting a  particular cell phone services provider. * To study  the consumer’s satisfaction towards different cell  phone service  providers. * To assess the problems faced by the cell phone users in services. * To offer valuable suggestions to improve the services of cell phones in each companies. INRODUCTION TO TELECOM INDUSTRY The Indian Telecommunications network with 110. 1 million connections is the fifth largest in the world and the second largest among the emerging economies of Asia. Today, it is the fastest growing market in the world and represents unique opportunities for U. S. companies in the stagnant global scenario. The total subscriber base, which has grown by 40% in 2005,is expected to reach 250 million in 2007. According to Broadband Policy 2004, Government of India aims at 9 million broadband connections and 18 million internet connections by2007. The wireless subscriber base has jumped from 33. 69 million in 2004 to 62. 57 million in FY2004- 2005. In the last 3 years, two out of every three new telephone subscribers were wireless  subscribers. Consequently, wireless  now accounts for  54. 6% of  the total  telephone subscriber base, as compared to only 40% in 2003. Wireless subscriber growth is expected to  bypass 2. 5 million new subscribers per month by 2007. The wireless technologies currently in use are Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). There are primarily 9 GSM and 5 CDMA operators providing mobile services in 19 telecom circles and 4 metro cities, covering 2000 towns across the country. . 6. NEED OF THE STUDY Exchange of information becomes the necessity of life to a common man. In the modern world an individual tends to communicate anything to everything right from the place where he/she stands. Even while riding vehicle he / she wants communicate within a  fraction of second at quick speed with clear  voice,without any disturbance. Like line crossing , out of order, etc. most of which lack in the connection given by the department of tele-communictions. Cell  phones emerges as a boon quench such a thirst, the by providing facilities,which a common man cannot imagine. Though cell phone industry has its originin the recent past and the growth has been excellent Day by day many new competitors enter the market with new attractive schemes,  provide additional facilities, add new  features to existing ones, reduce the charges her incoming and outgoing calls, introduce varieties of handsets,models  a  healthy  competition  that  benefits  the  subscribers. Hence  in  this context, it is important to study the functioning of cellular phone services and the utilization of their services by the telephonesation. 1. 8. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM In our country the growth of service marketing especially mobile phone industry is still in its infancy stage, as compared to the industrially advanced countries. It is for the fact that the economy of our country has been in the developing stage. There are various mobile phones services provider’s in our  country and they are playing an essential role in fulfilling the needs of the customers. Now-a-days, the customers are more dynamic. Their taste, needs and  preference can the changing as per current scenario. Hence the development of  cellular industry mainly depends on the customer satisfaction. However the following questions may arise regarding customer satisfaction. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE India is the world’s fastest growing industry in the world in terms of number of wireless connections after China, with 811. 59 million mobile phone subscribers. According to the world telecommunications industry, India will have 1. 200 billion mobile subscribers by 2013. Furthermore, projections by several leading global consultancies indicate that the total number of subscribers in India will exceed the total subscriber count in the China by 2013. In 1850 experimental electric telegraph started for first time in India between  Calcutta (Kolkata) and Diamond Harbor (southern suburbs of Kolkata, on the banks of the Hooghly River). In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. Subsequently construction of telegraph started through out India. A separate department was opened to the public in 1854. Dr. William O’Shaughnessy, who pioneered the telegraph and telephone in India, belonged to the Public Works Department, and worked towards the development of telecom. Calcutta or the-then Kolkata was chosen as it was the capital of British India. In early1881, Oriental Telephone Company Limited of England opened telephone exchanges at Calcutta (Kolkata), Bombay (Mumbai), Madras (Chennai) and Ahmedabad. On the 28th January 1882 the first formal telephone service was established with a total of 93 subscribers. From the year 1902 India drastically changes from cable telegraph to wireless telegraph, radio telegraph, radio telephone, trunk dialing. Trunk dialing used in India for more than a decade, were system allowed subscribers to dial calls with operator assistance. Later moved to digital microwave, optical fiber, satellite earth station. During British period all major cities and towns in India were linked with telephones. In the year 1975 Department of Telecom (DoT) was responsible for telecom services in entire country after separation from Indian Post ; Telecommunication. Decade later Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) was chipped out of DoT to run the telecom services of Delhi and Mumbai. In 1990s the telecom sector was opened up by the Government for private investment. In1995 TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) was setup. This reduced the interference of Government in deciding tariffs and policy making. The Government of India corporatized the operations wing of DoT in 2000 and renamed Department of Telecom as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). In last 10 years many private operator’s especially foreign investors successfully entered the high potential Indian telecom market. Globally acclaimed operators like Telenor, NTT Docomo, Vodafone, Sistema, SingTel, Maxis, Etisalat invested in India mobile operators. Wireless Communication Pager Services Pager communication successful launched in India in the year 1995. Pagers were looked upon as devices that offered the much needed mobility in communication, especially for businesses. Motorola was a major player with nearly 80 per cent of the market share. The other companies included Mobilink, Pagelink, BPL, Usha Martin telecom and Easy call. Pagers were generally worn on the belt or carried in the pocket. The business peaked in 1998 with the subscriber base reaching nearly 2 million. However, the number dropped to less than 500,000 in 2002. The pager companies in India were soon struggling to maintain their business. While 2-way pagers could have buffered the fall, the pager companies were not in a position to upgrade their infrastructure to improve the ailing market. The Indian Paging Services Association was unable to support the industry. Pager companies in India also offered their services in regional languages also. However, the end had begun already. By 2002, Motorola stops making or servicing pagers. When mobile phones were commercially launched in India, the pager had many advantages to boast. Pagers were smaller, had a longer battery life and were considerably cheaper. However, the mobile phones got better with time and continuously upgraded themselves. Mobile Communication First mobile telephone service on non-commercial basis started in India on 48th Independence Day at country’s capital Delhi. The first cellular call was made in India on July 31st, 1995 over  Modi Telstra’s MobileNet GSM network of Kolkata. Later mobile telephone services are divided into multiple zones known as circles. Competition has caused prices to drop and calls across India are one of the cheapest in the world. Most of operator follows GSM mobile system operate under 900MHz bandwidth few recent players started operating under 1800MHz bandwidth. CDMA operators operate under 800Mhz band, they are first to introduce EVDO based high speed wireless data services via USB dongle. In spite of this huge growth Indian telecom sector is hit by severe spectrum crunch, corruption by India Govt. officials and financial troubles. In 2008, India entered the 3G arena with the launch of 3G enabled Mobile and Data services by Government owned MTNL and BSNL. Later from November 2010 private operator’s started to launch their services. Broadband communication After US, Japan, India stands in third largest Internet users of which 40% of Internet used via mobile phones. India ranks one of the lowest provider of broadband speed as compared countries such as Japan, India and Norway. Minimum broadband speed of 256kbit/s but speed above 2Mbits is still in a nascent stage. Year 2007 had been declared as â€Å"Year of Broadband† in India. Telco’s based on ADSL/VDSL in India generally have speeds up to 24Mbit max while those based on newer Optical Fiber technology offer up to 100Mbits in some plans Fiber-optic communication (FTTx). Broadband growth has been plagued by many problems. Complicated tariff structure, metered billing, High charges for right of way, Lack of domestic content, non implementation of Local-loop unbundling have all resulted in hindrance to the growth of broadband. Many experts think future of broadband is on the hands of   wireless factor. BWA auction winners are expected to roll out LTE and WiMAX in India in 2012. Next Generation Network (NGN) Next Generation Networks, multiple access networks can connect customers to a core network based on IP technology. These access How to cite Favorite Sport Football, Essay examples

Management of Risk for Leadership and Ethical- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Management of Risk for Leadership and Ethical Practice. Answer: Introduction This report focuses on the leadership practices in light of different bases of power, morals, ethical reasoning and ethical leadership. In this report, Broadcom Limited Company has been taken into consideration. In order to reflect on the leadership, Graham Gibbs (1992) six steps have been followed. Description It is evaluated that the most difficult leadership challenge is related to maintain an ethical climate in organization. Leaders can exert influence over an ethical climate on the basis of virtue of the position they held in company. Broadcom Limited Company is multinational company and more than 15,700 employees. I have worked as an employee over there. In Broadcom Limited Company, there are several leaders who are working in each and every section of organization abusing their position in different way (Day and Miscenko, 2016). Feeling During my employment in that company, I realised that leaders are abusing their power to take personal advantages in the business process system of organization. They give less work to employees who are close to them and more work to them who are having no relation with them. This kind of work practice in allocation of work and leadership style have bad influence over the ethical climate of organization and also result to demotivation among employees. Company may face several issues such as employees disappointment, high cost of production and increased labour turnover. It is observed that leaders should understand the impact of their unethical leadership practice (Zulaihah, 2017). Evaluation After evaluating the case and all the related information, it is inferred that leaders needs to be unbiased with each and every employees. If they take undue advantage of their position then it will not only decrease the business efficiency but also result to high loss of business in long term. A leader in Broadcom Limited Company needs to use ethical leadership skills but also develop an ethical philosophy in the business process system. Nonetheless, these issues and problems could be evaluated by using employees log book, annual report and employees appraisal forms. I realised that this bias leadership style in allocation of work will jeopardise the efficiency of business. Therefore, it is inferred that corrupt and absolute power corrupts the leaders in absolute way if they do not have values and code of working standards. Analysis It is evaluated that a leader needs to create check list and ethical values which they could follow in their leadership style. If they practice bias free leadership style then they could influence employee in more positive way. In process of Broadcom Limited Company, leaders are taking undue advantage of their position and allocating less work to their relatives and more work to other employees. This may result to chaos in the business process at the certain point of time. Nonetheless, it will eventually increase the overall output and efficiency of the business at large. Leaders can influence others if they are admired and liked by other employees. In Broadcom Limit d Company, leaders have neither their own values nor they are consistent with the organizations value (Lichtenstein, et al. 2016). Conclusion It is evaluated that leaders have access to variety of sources and all these sources could be used by them to make their leadership style more ethical and legal. If they follow proper rules and work ethically then employees would be more reliable. Now in the end, it could be inferred that if leaders use unethical business practice then in long run it will surely destruct the value of the organization. Action All the leaders should follow ethical leadership code of conduct. This code of conduct and leadership practice will motivate employees and reduce the labour turnover as well. In addition to this, below given table would also assist leaders to follow proper ethical leadership practice (Uhl-Bien, 2016). Preparation of Ethics and compliance glossary Determine the standards values and ethical program. Formulation of code of conduct Build a culture of integrity Re-evaluation and proper check This above given action plan reflects the procedural check which will assess whether leaders are leading employees ethically in the best interest of organization or not. It is considered that culture of organization should be employees oriented. References Day, D. and Miscenko, D., 2016. Leader-Member Exchange (LMX): Construct evolution, contributions, and future prospects for advancing leadership theory.The Oxford handbook of leader-member exchange, pp.9-28. Lichtenstein, B.B., Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., Seers, A., Orton, J.D. and Schreiber, C., 2016. Complexity leadership theory: An interactive perspective on leading in complex adaptive systems. Uhl-Bien, M., 2016. Relational leadership theory: Exploring the social processes of leadership and organizing.The leadership quarterly,17(6), pp.654-676. Zulaihah, I., 2017. Contingency Leadership Theory.AL-TANZIM; Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam,1(1), pp.1-14.